Indigenous residents of the Arena mission rose against the colonial mission and its forced-labour regime. The National Trust describes the system as encomienda; NALIS also records the uprising. Spanish accounts report that missionaries and Governor José de León y Echales were killed. A decolonial reading centers Indigenous resistance to coercion and conversion, while treating the colonial dossier’s descriptions and casualty claims as situated testimony rather than a neutral account.
On 31 July 1498, Columbus reached the island during Spain’s third voyage and named it for the Holy Trinity. The landing marks an imperial encounter and the beginning of European claims in a place...
NALIS dates Raleigh’s arrival at Point Curiapan to 22 March 1595. The English expedition entered a Spanish-held island amid imperial competition and later captured Governor Antonio de Berrío. This was...
👉 Indigenous uprising at the Arena mission
Current
1 December 1699
Indigenous residents of the Arena mission rose against the colonial mission and its forced-labour regime. The National Trust describes the system as encomienda; NALIS also records the uprising....
Four days after the uprising, acting officials in San José de Oruña ordered two captains and forty armed men to search Arena and nearby areas and capture Indigenous people they deemed responsible. The...
A colonial ordinance dated 15 December records that two Indigenous prisoners from Arena, identified as Pedro and Luis, had been brought under guard. The dossier frames the men as suspects and...
A treaty signed at Madrid on 27 August 1701 authorized the French Royal Company of Guinea to supply enslaved Africans to Spain’s colonies. NALIS identifies this arrangement in its account of...
The Treaty of Paris, signed on 10 February 1763, transferred Tobago from France to Britain. Tobago was then a separate colony from Spanish-ruled Trinidad, but it is part of present-day Trinidad and...
On 11 November 1770, Sandy, an enslaved worker at Courland Estate in Tobago, and six others attacked a military post in an attempt to seize weapons and win freedom. After failing to take the post,...
