The alvará of 8 July 1819 clarified that a mine’s protected productive property could include enslaved workers, homes, mills, food stores, and draft animals. This legal framing preserved the owner’s labor supply and mining operation in disputes over debts. It reveals the state’s investment in extraction while the people whose labor sustained it remained denied control over their work and lives.
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Which items did the 1819 alvará include among a mine’s productive assets?
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The law explicitly protected an integrated productive estate, including enslaved people.
The 1819 alvará protected only gold and land, with no mention of enslaved labor.
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It included enslaved people and other components of a mining operation among protected assets.