The Black newspaper Quilombo publishes its first issue

Decree-Law 2,162 instituted a statutory minimum wage and set regional schedules. A wage floor recognized workers as people with claims on employers, but protections depended on which sectors and...

Decree-Law 5,452 approved the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT), organizing many existing labor rules. Its exclusions left domestic service and much rural work outside key protections. Since...

Abdias do Nascimento founded the Teatro Experimental do Negro (TEN) in Rio de Janeiro on 13 October 1944. The organization challenged the exclusion and stereotyped casting of Black performers while...

Decree-Law 7,967 established immigration rules and stated that policy should preserve and develop in Brazil’s ethnic composition the “most convenient” characteristics of European ancestry. Its...

Decree-Law 8,079 revised Article 7 of the CLT, listing domestic workers and rural workers among those to whom most provisions did not apply. The legal split was not written as a race clause, but it...

Law 1,390, sanctioned on 3 July 1951, classified certain acts motivated by racial or color prejudice as criminal contraventions. The law followed public exposure of discrimination, including the...

Law 4,214 set out a labor framework for rural workers, including employment relations and access to labor protections. Its passage recognized a large workforce long left outside the main urban labor...

Decree 65,810 of 8 December 1969 promulgated Brazil’s adherence to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. The convention established international...

On 20 July 1971, Black activists in Porto Alegre formed Grupo Palmares. Poet and teacher Oliveira Silveira and fellow organizers researched Black history, created cultural programs, and challenged...

On 20 November 1971, Grupo Palmares organized an evocative act in Porto Alegre honoring Black resistance and Palmares. The date shifted public memory away from an emancipation story centered on the...