On 20 August 1798, two letters signed by “anonymous republicans” were found at Salvador’s Carmo religious complex. They urged a revolution and invoked equality, liberty, and popular fraternity. Their circulation followed the notices of 12 August and shows insurgents using urban religious and civic spaces to make political claims visible. Colonial investigators treated writing, assembly, and public speech as evidence of sedition. The surviving record is mediated by surveillance and prosecution, but the letters preserve a language of popular sovereignty that challenged both monarchy and racial hierarchy.
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