On 11 November 1595, a new law said Indigenous people could be captured only in wars specifically authorized by the Crown, while those captured by other means were to be free. The 1609 law later described this measure as an attempt to stop settlers from disguising illegal seizures as “just wars.” Repeated legislation reveals both Indigenous resistance and the state’s difficulty—or unwillingness—to stop labor extraction that supported colonial production.
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What did the 1595 law state about Indigenous capture?
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The law narrowed the grounds for capture to specifically authorized wars.
The 1609 declaration of Indigenous freedom ended coercive labor in Brazil.
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Colonial administration persisted, and the 1611 law reopened captivity.