Brazil expands required curricula to include Indigenous history and culture

The Protocol supplemented the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and defined trafficking in persons. It addresses contemporary exploitation rather than the historic Atlantic trade,...

The conference brought state and civil-society representatives together to address racism, colonialism, slavery, and their contemporary effects. The process was contentious, and the final...

The Durban Declaration and Programme of Action described slavery and the transatlantic slave trade as crimes against humanity and recognized their continuing consequences. The declaration emerged from...

Law 10.639 made the teaching of African and Afro-Brazilian history and culture compulsory in official school curricula. It followed decades of Black movement advocacy and challenged curricula that had...

The General Assembly adopted resolution 62/122, designating 25 March as the annual International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade, beginning in 2008....

The United Nations first observed the annual International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade. The date created a recurring platform for memorialization and...

Resolution 64/169 proclaimed an international year to strengthen action on the rights and social participation of people of African descent. The initiative framed recognition and equality as global...

The statute established a national legal framework to promote racial equality and combat discrimination, including in education, culture, health, and employment. It translated Black movement demands...

The UN year opened a global program focused on recognition, justice, and development. It provided an international platform for states and civil society to address the history of enslavement and...

Law 12.711 reserved places at federal universities and institutes for public-school graduates, with provisions reflecting racial and Indigenous demographics. It emerged from long campaigns over...