UN adopts the Palermo Protocol on trafficking in persons

Article 68 of the Constitution’s Transitional Provisions recognizes definitive land ownership for descendants of quilombo communities who occupy their lands. This constitutional claim linked...

The election ended apartheid’s system of racially restricted political participation and brought the African National Congress to power. It followed a long liberation struggle and marked a decisive...

The Rome Statute listed enslavement among crimes against humanity when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack on civilians. The instrument created a basis for individual criminal...

Haiti was among the first places to mark the International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition. The observance centered the Haitian Revolution’s place in Atlantic history...

Gorée Island held an early observance of the remembrance day. The site’s memorial meaning has been debated by historians; its public commemoration nonetheless illustrates how African communities and...

The conference brought state and civil-society representatives together to address racism, colonialism, slavery, and their contemporary effects. The process was contentious, and the final...

The Durban Declaration and Programme of Action described slavery and the transatlantic slave trade as crimes against humanity and recognized their continuing consequences. The declaration emerged from...

Law 10.639 made the teaching of African and Afro-Brazilian history and culture compulsory in official school curricula. It followed decades of Black movement advocacy and challenged curricula that had...

The General Assembly adopted resolution 62/122, designating 25 March as the annual International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade, beginning in 2008....

Law 11.645 amended the education law to require Indigenous as well as Afro-Brazilian history and culture in school curricula. It broadened the public account of colonial violence and resistance...