Haiti holds an early observance of the Slave Trade Remembrance Day

The Geneva conference reviewed international efforts against racism and racial discrimination, including the persistence of apartheid and colonial legacies. Its debates showed that formal bans on...

After the required ratifications, the Charter became binding for its parties. Article 5 prohibits slavery, the slave trade, torture, and degrading treatment. The instrument gave regional legal force...

Article 68 of the Constitution’s Transitional Provisions recognizes definitive land ownership for descendants of quilombo communities who occupy their lands. This constitutional claim linked...

The election ended apartheid’s system of racially restricted political participation and brought the African National Congress to power. It followed a long liberation struggle and marked a decisive...

The Rome Statute listed enslavement among crimes against humanity when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack on civilians. The instrument created a basis for individual criminal...

Gorée Island held an early observance of the remembrance day. The site’s memorial meaning has been debated by historians; its public commemoration nonetheless illustrates how African communities and...

The Protocol supplemented the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and defined trafficking in persons. It addresses contemporary exploitation rather than the historic Atlantic trade,...

The conference brought state and civil-society representatives together to address racism, colonialism, slavery, and their contemporary effects. The process was contentious, and the final...

The Durban Declaration and Programme of Action described slavery and the transatlantic slave trade as crimes against humanity and recognized their continuing consequences. The declaration emerged from...

Law 10.639 made the teaching of African and Afro-Brazilian history and culture compulsory in official school curricula. It followed decades of Black movement advocacy and challenged curricula that had...