The Blum–Viollette bill is formally deposited

The Étoile Nord-Africaine (ENA) developed from North African migrant organising in France into a political organisation opposing colonial domination. Algerian workers and migrants built networks...

The ENA’s constituent general assembly formalised an organisation built by North African activists and workers in France. It advanced political claims that challenged colonial rule and the limits of...

French colonial authorities marked one hundred years since the 1830 landing with ceremonies at Sidi Ferruch. The celebration presented conquest as a national achievement and colonial permanence as a...

Algerian scholars founded the Association of Algerian Muslim Ulama, which built schools, promoted Arabic-language learning, and defended Islamic and Algerian cultural life under colonial pressure. Its...

The French cabinet considered the Blum–Viollette proposal, which would have extended citizenship rights to a limited number of Algerian Muslims while preserving French sovereignty and settler...

The French government dissolved the ENA, an anticolonial organisation that had mobilised North African workers and called attention to colonial inequality. The move constrained political association...

After the dissolution of the ENA, Messali Hadj and supporters formed the Parti du peuple algérien (PPA). The new party carried forward anticolonial organisation among Algerians in France and...

Algerians joined demonstrations marking the Allied victory over Nazi Germany while asserting demands for freedom and national rights. In Sétif, police gunfire and the killing of demonstrators were...

The French Constituent Assembly voted an amnesty law concerning prosecutions connected with the May 1945 events. Amnesty followed executions, mass arrests, and an uneven process of judicial...

The organic statute presented Algeria as having a degree of internal autonomy, but retained French sovereignty and a two-college electoral system that gave European settlers representation...