German command orders Roma and Jews in Serbia held as hostages for reprisals

The Ustaša regime adopted laws on racial affiliation and “Aryan blood” that defined who would be categorized as Jewish or Roma and restricted citizenship to people classified as Aryan. These...

The German military commander in Serbia issued an order extending specific anti-Jewish rules to Roma. Archival captions identify the order and its date; later registration requirements and forced...

The Auschwitz Museum records that two Polish Roma were among nine prisoners sent to the camp by German criminal police in Katowice. This early entry predates the mass deportation of Roma to...

From 18 to 21 October, German forces and Serbian collaborating formations arrested about 2,700 civilians in and around Kragujevac after partisan attacks on Wehrmacht units. Most victims were Serbs,...

During a German raid in Niš, a Romani man forced to relay police orders warned Roma in Romanes that they were about to be arrested. Some people were able to flee. The episode, recorded in the European...

Between 28 October and 3 November, Wehrmacht soldiers and Serbian police units arrested Roma in Belgrade and the surrounding area and imprisoned them at Topovske Šupe as hostages for reprisals. Around...

The first of five transports carrying 5,007 Roma from Austria’s Burgenland region arrived at the segregated Roma camp inside the Łódź ghetto. The transports arrived between 5 and 9 November. German...

The Roma camp in the Łódź ghetto was liquidated during 5–12 January 1942. More than 600 Roma had already died from disease and deprivation in the ghetto; surviving prisoners were taken to Chełmno...

German occupation forces shot 176 Roma in Aleksandrovka, Smolensk region. Many of the victims had worked on a collective farm. A locally erected monument and later Roma-focused memorial work...

The Ustaša authorities began mass arrests and deportations of Roma across the Independent State of Croatia to Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška. The Croatian state’s camp system confiscated belongings,...