Ustaša government defines Roma through racial laws

Himmler’s decree instructed police to treat Roma and Sinti as a racial population and to intensify registration and segregation. It marked a major escalation from locally varying discrimination toward...

Reinhard Heydrich met Security Police and Security Service officials in Berlin and proposed deporting 30,000 German and Austrian Roma to the General Government in occupied Poland. The plan was later...

A French military decree barred Roma and Travellers from travelling in eight western departments and restricted encampments in parts of central-western France. The measure drew on pre-existing...

The French President’s decree prohibited movement, for the duration of the war, by Travellers holding the state’s anthropometric booklet and subjected them to compulsory residence. The decree preceded...

A transport of Sinti and Roma left Hohenasperg for occupied Poland. This deportation was part of the Nazi police campaign that uprooted families from western Germany and sent them into forced-labor...

The German military commander in Serbia issued an order extending specific anti-Jewish rules to Roma. Archival captions identify the order and its date; later registration requirements and forced...

The Auschwitz Museum records that two Polish Roma were among nine prisoners sent to the camp by German criminal police in Katowice. This early entry predates the mass deportation of Roma to...

From 18 to 21 October, German forces and Serbian collaborating formations arrested about 2,700 civilians in and around Kragujevac after partisan attacks on Wehrmacht units. Most victims were Serbs,...

During a German raid in Niš, a Romani man forced to relay police orders warned Roma in Romanes that they were about to be arrested. Some people were able to flee. The episode, recorded in the European...

An order to field and district commands directed that Jews and Roma be taken as hostages for reprisals. The policy made civilians targets for collective punishment and preceded large-scale...