Abba Kovner calls on Vilna Jews to resist Nazi murder

Romanian and German forces occupied Odesa, a major Black Sea port with a large, multiethnic Jewish community. Romanian occupation quickly brought anti-Jewish policies, forced labor, deportations,...

After a bomb killed Romanian officials at the Odesa command headquarters, Romanian authorities began a reprisal massacre of Jews. Over several days, tens of thousands were shot, hanged, or burned....

German occupation officials selected more than 9,200 Jewish residents at Demokratų Square during the so-called Great Action. Those selected included many children, older people, and people...

German SS and police units and Lithuanian police auxiliaries murdered approximately 9,200 people from the Kovno ghetto at Fort IX. The previous day, German officials had selected the victims. The...

German authorities began mass murder at Chełmno, where victims were killed in gas vans and buried or burned in nearby forests. It was the first stationary killing center used by Nazi Germany for the...

Senior Nazi officials met at Wannsee to coordinate the deportation of Europe’s Jews into a program euphemistically called the “Final Solution.” The conference did not initiate the genocide: mass...

German SS authorities began gassing Jews at Bełżec, one of the Operation Reinhard killing centers built in occupied Poland. Deportation trains brought Jewish communities from ghettos to a site...

Slovak authorities began systematic deportations by sending a transport of young Jewish women and girls from Poprad into German custody. Slovakia was then a nominally sovereign Axis partner; its...

The first transport of Slovak Jewish women arrived at Auschwitz. Most were young women and teenagers deported the previous day from Poprad by the Slovak state. Their arrival marks the start of mass...

A train carrying 1,112 Jews departed the Drancy transit camp for Auschwitz. French police and administrators helped operate the arrest and internment system, while German authorities directed...