Aktion Erntefest massacres Jewish forced laborers

Prisoners seized weapons, set parts of the camp on fire, and broke through the perimeter. Around 300 escaped, though many were later captured or killed. The uprising was planned by prisoners who...

German authorities began the final wave of deportations from the Vilna ghetto. Thousands were sent to killing centers, concentration or forced-labor camps, including Sobibor and camps in Estonia and...

Danish citizens, fishers, officials, and resistance networks helped most of Denmark’s Jewish population escape by sea to neutral Sweden after German plans to arrest them became known. The rescue...

Jewish prisoners killed SS personnel, set the camp on fire, and attempted a mass escape. Roughly 300 broke out; about 58 survived the war. The revolt undermines accounts that portray victims as...

German authorities and police rounded up more than 1,000 Jews in Rome. Two days later, most were deported to Auschwitz. The arrests followed Germany’s occupation of central and northern Italy after...

President Franklin Roosevelt created the War Refugee Board after pressure from Treasury officials and advocates. It supported rescue and relief efforts, including diplomatic interventions, but was...

German troops occupied Hungary, whose government had previously allied with Nazi Germany while retaining some autonomy. The occupation enabled rapid anti-Jewish concentration and deportation,...

Hungarian authorities and German officials began deporting Jews from the provinces to Auschwitz-Birkenau. In less than two months, hundreds of thousands were deported; most were murdered on arrival....

German authorities began deporting the Jewish community of Rhodes; about 1,600 Jews were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. The island had come under German control after Italy’s 1943 surrender, extending...

Soviet troops entered Majdanek as German forces retreated. The camp’s surviving prisoners and physical evidence, including gas chambers and crematoria, challenged German efforts to conceal mass...