Mass arrests target remaining Jews in Oslo

German occupation authorities and Norwegian collaborators began arresting Jewish men. Women and children were arrested in a later operation in November; hundreds of Norwegian Jews were deported, while...

The first transport of Jews from the Theresienstadt ghetto to Auschwitz arrived on this date. Deportations linked a ghetto used for propaganda and transit to the killing-center system.

British and US forces landed in Morocco and Algeria, then under Vichy authority. The invasion altered the North African war and prompted Germany to occupy Vichy France and send Axis forces into...

German forces established a presence in Tunisia after the Allied landings in neighboring Algeria and Morocco. Tunisia was a French protectorate under Vichy authority; the short German-Italian...

German authorities arrested prominent members of Tunis’s Jewish community, including community president Moïse Borgel, and took some as hostages. Jewish communal institutions were placed under...

The Polish underground Council to Aid Jews, known as Żegota, began operating with support from the Polish government-in-exile. Polish and Jewish activists coordinated shelter, forged documents, and...

SS officer Walter Rauff ordered Tunisian Jewish leaders to provide men for forced labor. Roughly 5,000 Jewish men were conscripted during the occupation and sent to labor and detention camps; this was...

The Allied governments issued a public declaration confirming Nazi Germany’s policy of exterminating Jews and pledging punishment of those responsible. The statement followed reports from resistance...

When German forces entered the Warsaw ghetto to resume deportations, Jewish underground fighters and civilians resisted. The operation was halted after several days; this January resistance preceded...

Bulgarian occupation forces rounded up more than 7,000 Jews from Skopje and nearby areas and confined them at a tobacco warehouse before deportation to Treblinka. Bulgaria’s wartime record differed by...