International Military Tribunal opens at Nuremberg

US forces entered Dachau and found thousands of prisoners, many gravely ill, and evidence of mass death. Liberation opened a period of medical emergency and survivor displacement rather than an...

Adolf Hitler died by suicide as the Red Army fought through Berlin. Nazi rule was collapsing, but killings, death marches, and camp evacuations continued in the war’s final days. The defeat of the...

US troops reached Mauthausen as the camp system disintegrated. Survivors faced severe illness and the loss of family and community; many could not safely return to their prewar homes.

Germany’s unconditional surrender took effect in Europe, ending the war there. About six million Jews had been murdered by Nazi Germany and its allies and collaborators; survivors faced family loss,...

The White House released Earl Harrison’s report on Jewish displaced persons. Based on his August visit, it criticized Allied treatment, urged improved conditions and distinct recognition of Jewish...

The small Jewish displaced-persons camp opened to provide additional space for refugees from the overcrowded Zeilsheim camp. Survivors rebuilt communal life through schools, religious and cultural...

Local residents and members of Polish security forces attacked surviving and returning Jews in Kielce; 42 Jews were killed. The pogrom drew on entrenched antisemitism and blood-libel allegations and...

The UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 96(I), declaring genocide a crime under international law and calling for an international convention. Raphael Lemkin’s work and postwar debates drew on Nazi...

More than 4,500 Jewish displaced persons and Holocaust survivors sailed from France toward British-mandate Palestine aboard the Exodus 1947. British naval forces intercepted the ship on July 18 and...

The State of Israel declared independence as the British Mandate ended. Holocaust survivors were among those who sought refuge and rebuilt lives there, after years of blocked routes and...