Hitler is appointed chancellor

Hitler’s book circulated racial antisemitism, conspiracy theories, and authoritarian nationalism. It was one part of a wider propaganda environment; it did not by itself determine later policy,...

The collapse of US stock prices helped usher in a severe global downturn that intensified unemployment and political instability. In Germany, the crisis later expanded support for extremist parties,...

The Nazis won about 18 percent of the vote and became the second-largest party in parliament. The result followed a campaign exploiting economic crisis and attacking democracy and Jews. It was a...

The Nazi Party won 37 percent of the vote and became the largest party, but did not win a majority. Hitler demanded the chancellorship and refused coalition participation on other terms....

The Nazi vote declined to about 33 percent, down from July, though the party remained the largest in the Reichstag. The result shows that Nazi support could fluctuate and that Hitler’s appointment...

The SS opened Dachau near Munich, initially imprisoning political opponents and other people defined by the regime as enemies. The camp became a model for the concentration-camp system; the legal...

The Nazi Party and affiliated organizations staged a nationwide boycott of Jewish-owned shops, lawyers, and doctors. The action made exclusion visible in public space and foreshadowed the state-backed...

The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service enabled the dismissal of Jewish civil servants and people labeled politically unreliable, with limited exceptions that were later...

Nazi student groups burned works by Jewish, socialist, liberal, and other writers in public ceremonies in Berlin and other cities. The spectacle linked cultural censorship to the regime’s wider...

The Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring created hereditary health courts that ordered forced sterilization. This coercive eugenic program targeted disabled people and others...