Saudi Arabia enters border fighting

A second round of fighting deepened the conflict between the Yemeni state and the Houthi movement, harming civilians and displacing families.

Ali Abdullah Saleh defeated opposition candidate Faisal bin Shamlan; the election exposed both limited pluralism and continuing executive dominance.

Protests by retired southern military officers expanded into the Southern Movement (al-Hirak), demanding redress for discrimination and, among some factions, independence.

Another escalation in Saada brought extensive destruction and displacement as efforts at negotiated settlement faltered.

The Yemeni government launched a major offensive against Houthi fighters, escalating the sixth Saada war.

An attempted bombing attributed to al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula intensified US focus on Yemen and demands for counterterrorism operations.

A ceasefire sought to end the sixth war between the government and Houthi forces, though fundamental grievances remained unresolved.

Inspired by regional uprisings, Yemenis mobilized against corruption, inequality and President Saleh’s long rule.

Security-linked gunmen killed dozens of demonstrators in Sana’a, galvanizing protests and accelerating defections from the government.

An attack on the presidential compound wounded Saleh, who traveled to Saudi Arabia for treatment during a prolonged political crisis.