First Russo-Iranian War opens in the Caucasus

A planned round of US-Iran talks in Switzerland was postponed amid disputes over implementation and continued regional violence. The delay showed that a signed memorandum did not remove mistrust or...

Reuters reported a US-brokered Lebanon ceasefire, with Qatar and Iran involved in efforts to secure it, taking effect after exchanges of fire. Its separate negotiation and implementation underscored...

Trump announced an extension of the US-Iran ceasefire while waiting for an Iranian proposal and the conclusion of discussions, at Pakistan’s request. The extension was not a peace settlement: the...

US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth described the blockade as “going global” as officials said talks might resume in Pakistan. The strategy shifted coercion from direct strikes toward maritime and...

An AP report said US and Iranian negotiators had reached a tentative understanding to extend the ceasefire by 60 days and begin new nuclear talks. The reported framework also contemplated easing the...

Napoleonic France and Qajar Iran signed the Treaty of Finkenstein. France recognized Persian claims to Georgia and promised military assistance against Russia. The agreement shows how Qajar...

The treaty, reached with British mediation, ended the war and recognized Russian possession of territories it had occupied in the Caucasus. Its border settlement displaced Qajar authority across...

After years of border disputes and Russian expansion, fighting resumed between Qajar Iran and Russia. Iranica dates the conflict to 1826–28; this month marker uses July 1826 as the conventional...

The treaty ending the second Russo-Iranian war transferred the khanates of Erevan and Nakhchivan to Russia, imposed an indemnity, and expanded Russian commercial privileges. It formalized a sharp...

Following Muhammad Shah’s death, Nasir al-Din Shah became ruler. His long reign intensified state centralization and foreign borrowing and concessions, while court officials, provincial communities,...