U.S. helicopter units arrive in South Vietnam

A series of rebellions against South Vietnamese state control involved several Indigenous communities in the Central Highlands. Local grievances included land, administration, and coercive policies....

Rebel units seized key sites in Saigon and demanded political change. Diệm negotiated, stalled, and loyal forces ultimately defeated the coup. The episode exposed fractures within the South Vietnamese...

The National Liberation Front (NLF) brought together communist-led and other southern groups opposing the Diệm government. It had substantial local roots and also received direction and support from...

A U.S. aircraft sprayed herbicide near a military target in South Vietnam as part of the defoliation program later widely associated with Agent Orange. The campaign damaged forests and crops and...

National Security Action Memorandum 111 expanded U.S. assistance and advisory activity in South Vietnam. The United States increased its role while Diệm’s state faced armed opposition and deep rural...

The U.S.-backed Diệm government accelerated a program to move rural residents into fortified hamlets, aiming to separate them from insurgents. In practice, coercive relocation, land and livelihood...

U.S. helicopters transported South Vietnamese troops in an assault near Tây Ninh. The mission illustrated the increasingly direct U.S. role in planning and enabling combat operations, despite public...

Washington created MACV to direct the expanding U.S. advisory effort in South Vietnam. Its establishment formalized a larger command structure before the mass deployment of U.S. ground combat...

South Vietnamese forces fought National Liberation Front units near Ấp Bắc in the Mekong Delta. Despite superior numbers, helicopters, and armor, government forces failed to destroy the opposing...

During Vesak, security forces fired on a Buddhist crowd in Huế after a dispute over flying religious flags. Nine people were reported killed in later diplomatic records. The incident triggered...