Attack at Biên Hòa kills two U.S. servicemen

The planned nationwide elections did not occur. Diệm’s government opposed them, while U.S. officials doubted the result would be free under northern conditions. The failure entrenched division and...

The government plan called for correcting serious mistakes in land reform and organizing review in rural areas. It followed official party discussions of abuses in class designation, religion,...

The Workers’ Party of Vietnam adopted Resolution 15, authorizing a broader combination of political struggle and armed resistance in the South. The decision followed repression of former Viet Minh...

The law established special military tribunals and severe penalties for acts classified as communist subversion. The Diệm government presented it as a security measure; opponents experienced it as...

The North Vietnamese military created Group 559 to develop a supply network through Laos and later Cambodia toward the South. The routes depended on large-scale labor, repair and transport work and...

The uprising in a mountainous district involved Kinh and Hre communities resisting government control and coercive practices. It became an early sign of rural revolt in central Vietnam. Accounts of...

A coordinated movement of demonstrations, local attacks, and community organizing began in Bến Tre and spread through the Mekong Delta. Women played visible roles in mobilization. It challenged the...

A series of rebellions against South Vietnamese state control involved several Indigenous communities in the Central Highlands. Local grievances included land, administration, and coercive policies....

Rebel units seized key sites in Saigon and demanded political change. Diệm negotiated, stalled, and loyal forces ultimately defeated the coup. The episode exposed fractures within the South Vietnamese...

The National Liberation Front (NLF) brought together communist-led and other southern groups opposing the Diệm government. It had substantial local roots and also received direction and support from...