Quảng Nam Nghĩa Hội calls people to join the Cần Vương struggle

French and Spanish forces attacked Da Nang (Tourane), beginning the French conquest of Vietnam. The invasion was driven by imperial expansion and claims of protecting Catholic missions; Vietnamese...

After military defeats, the Nguyễn court signed a treaty ceding three southern provinces and Saigon to France and opening ports to French trade. It formalized a major loss of Vietnamese sovereignty.

The Harmand Treaty placed the Nguyễn court under French control. The court later signed a revised protectorate treaty in 1884. French rule expanded through coercion while Vietnamese anti-colonial...

After French forces attacked the Huế court, Hàm Nghi and regent Tôn Thất Thuyết left the capital and issued an appeal calling officials and people to support the monarch and resist French conquest....

France established the Indochinese Union, combining Cochinchina, Annam, Tonkin and Cambodia; Laos joined in 1893. The colonial federation organized territory and labor for imperial rule, despite...

The movement sent Vietnamese students to Japan to study and build capacity for national liberation. Its organizers sought overseas education and political alliances, not just schooling....

The school promoted modern education, chữ quốc ngữ, and civic reform within an anti-colonial intellectual movement. French authorities closed it later that year. Its educators pursued cultural renewal...

Protests that began in Quảng Nam spread across parts of central Vietnam. Petitioners objected to taxes and forced labor, connecting daily economic burdens to colonial rule and local abuses....

Vietnamese cooks and soldiers attempted to poison French troops in the Hanoi citadel as part of a wider plan for an uprising. The plot was exposed and colonial authorities executed organizers and...