Nguyễn Ái Quốc submits Vietnamese claims at Versailles

The school promoted modern education, chữ quốc ngữ, and civic reform within an anti-colonial intellectual movement. French authorities closed it later that year. Its educators pursued cultural renewal...

Protests that began in Quảng Nam spread across parts of central Vietnam. Petitioners objected to taxes and forced labor, connecting daily economic burdens to colonial rule and local abuses....

Vietnamese cooks and soldiers attempted to poison French troops in the Hanoi citadel as part of a wider plan for an uprising. The plot was exposed and colonial authorities executed organizers and...

The planned uprising associated with Trần Cao Vân and Thái Phiên sought to mobilize support for the young emperor Duy Tân against French rule. It was quickly suppressed; organizers were executed and...

A coalition that included political prisoners, other detainees, and mutinous guards took the largest prison in northern Tonkin and proclaimed a general uprising. The rebellion exposed prisons as...

French agents abducted the prominent Vietnamese anticolonial activist in Shanghai and took him to Hanoi for trial. His death sentence was commuted amid public pressure, but he was held under...

The reformist nationalist’s death prompted large memorial gatherings and funeral demonstrations across Vietnam. Students, workers, and residents used mourning to express political solidarity under...

The VNQDD formed as a nationalist organization influenced partly by Chinese republicanism. It sought national independence through organizing and, later, armed revolt. Its emergence demonstrates...

The party was founded through a unification initiative led by Nguyễn Ái Quốc (later Hồ Chí Minh). It joined Marxist organizing with the demand to end colonial rule, while its program and later mass...

Members of the Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng (VNQDD), joined by some Vietnamese soldiers in the colonial army, launched an uprising in northern Vietnam. French forces crushed it and imposed harsh...