Party Resolution 15 endorses armed struggle in the South

Voters were asked to choose between Bảo Đại and Ngô Đình Diệm. The official landslide for Diệm followed an uneven campaign and was described by U.S. officials as one-sided. The vote helped establish...

Ngô Đình Diệm proclaimed the Republic of Vietnam after a contested referendum that removed Bảo Đại. The new state consolidated power with U.S. backing and did not participate in the nationwide...

France dissolved the expeditionary corps command structure after the Geneva settlement and transfer of military responsibilities. The date marks an institutional transition, not necessarily the...

The planned nationwide elections did not occur. Diệm’s government opposed them, while U.S. officials doubted the result would be free under northern conditions. The failure entrenched division and...

The government plan called for correcting serious mistakes in land reform and organizing review in rural areas. It followed official party discussions of abuses in class designation, religion,...

The law established special military tribunals and severe penalties for acts classified as communist subversion. The Diệm government presented it as a security measure; opponents experienced it as...

The North Vietnamese military created Group 559 to develop a supply network through Laos and later Cambodia toward the South. The routes depended on large-scale labor, repair and transport work and...

An attack on a U.S. military advisory compound at Biên Hòa killed Major Dale Buis and Master Sergeant Chester Ovnand, the first U.S. military deaths in Vietnam recorded on the national memorial. Their...

The uprising in a mountainous district involved Kinh and Hre communities resisting government control and coercive practices. It became an early sign of rural revolt in central Vietnam. Accounts of...

A coordinated movement of demonstrations, local attacks, and community organizing began in Bến Tre and spread through the Mekong Delta. Women played visible roles in mobilization. It challenged the...