U.S. Linebacker II bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong begins

The U.S. announced that mines would be laid in Haiphong and other ports to disrupt external supply. The decision sharply escalated pressure on North Vietnam and affected shipping, while expanding...

The United States began a major bombing campaign against North Vietnam, including attacks on transport, industrial and military targets. The campaign accompanied mining of ports and the Easter...

After months of fighting and extensive U.S. air and naval support, South Vietnamese forces regained the city. The battle had devastated the area and displaced residents. Competing accounts of...

U.S. National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger publicly said that a peace agreement was near after secret negotiations with Lê Đức Thọ. President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu rejected key terms and the...

Negotiations between U.S. and North Vietnamese representatives broke down. Nixon then ordered the massive Linebacker II air campaign, showing how coercive bombing was used as leverage while...

The Nixon administration halted the intensive bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong after eleven days. Civilian deaths and destruction drew international criticism. Negotiations resumed, but the bombing’s...

Henry Kissinger and Lê Đức Thọ initialed the text later signed as the Paris Peace Accords. The private negotiations had produced a settlement among Vietnamese parties and the United States, but the...

The United States, Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Republic of Vietnam and Provisional Revolutionary Government signed the agreement. It provided for a ceasefire and U.S. troop withdrawal, but did not...

Representatives of the United States, the Republic of Vietnam, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and the Provisional Revolutionary Government signed the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring...

The ceasefire provisions of the Paris agreement took effect. Fighting continued, and the agreement’s monitoring and enforcement mechanisms could not establish a durable political settlement....