The Congress of the Peoples of the East meets in Baku

Lenin’s broadcast answered a message from Indian revolutionaries meeting in Kabul and linked Soviet Russia’s struggle to India’s liberation. The exchange offers a direct record of anti-colonial...

Lenin’s draft urged communists to distinguish oppressor and oppressed nations and to ally with anti-colonial movements while maintaining class analysis. The theses supported colonial liberation but...

Written in April–May, the pamphlet urged communist parties to participate in unions and elections where workers remained active. It was also a sharp intervention against European and British left...

Lenin discussed party organization, colonial struggles, and alliances with national liberation movements. The congress formalized a global revolutionary program, but participation was unequal and...

Lenin presented the commission’s theses on national and colonial struggles, distinguishing oppressed and imperial nations and urging communist movements to work with revolutionary movements in...

Lenin argued that young communists needed education and practical work to help rebuild society. His address tied political education to state projects and raises questions about how youth...

Lenin emphasized literacy, political education, and the challenge of reaching a largely rural population. The address treats education as essential to mass participation but also as a tool for...

Lenin argued that trade unions should defend workers’ interests and mediate between workers and the state, rather than simply become administrative organs. The debate exposed conflict over workers’...

Lenin continued his dispute with Trotsky and Bukharin over trade unions, warning against methods that treated workers as passive objects of administration. His proposed safeguards remained within a...

The draft addressed the crisis between the Soviet state and peasant households and informed the shift from requisitioning toward a tax in kind. It records a pragmatic adjustment after rural unrest,...