World War I begins for Russia; Lenin opposes support for the war

Troops fired on striking goldfield workers, killing and wounding scores. Lenin and Bolshevik publications treated the massacre as evidence of state violence and renewed labor militancy; the miners’...

The workers’ newspaper Pravda began publication, offering a platform for labor news and Bolshevik politics. Factory workers helped sustain it through subscriptions and contributions, while censorship,...

Following strikes and protests, Lenin argued that a new revolutionary upsurge was developing. His interpretation connected shop-floor actions to political organization, but the movement’s scale and...

This short essay presented Marxism as drawing on German philosophy, English political economy, and French socialism. Its concise synthesis shaped later teaching, though its European genealogy leaves...

Lenin opposed cultural autonomy as a substitute for political equality and argued for a right to secede. His intervention addressed national movements inside the empire, while its class-first...

Lenin argued that genuine Russian working-class pride required rejecting the oppression of other peoples. The essay is an explicit critique of chauvinism from within the dominant nation, and it can be...

Lenin examined the collapse of international socialist solidarity after leading parties backed their states in World War I. His response pressed for a new international, while other anti-war...

The essay condemned socialist leaders who supported wartime governments and argued that imperialist rivalry had exposed their reformism. It connects anti-war politics with Lenin’s analysis of...

Lenin argued that a federated Europe under capitalism could not remove imperialist rivalry and might reinforce it. His analysis linked regional integration to colonial power and class relations, a...

Lenin’s notebooks from intensive reading of Hegel, especially the Science of Logic, show a renewed engagement with dialectics during the war. They are working notes rather than a finished treatise and...