Engels critiques the draft Erfurt Program

Engels revisited the intellectual origins of their materialist approach and clarified his own account of philosophy and history. The essay helped define how later generations understood Marx and...

Samuel Moore’s translation, revised with Engels, introduced the Manifesto to a wider English-reading public. Its circulation depended on translators, publishers, organizers, and workers, not simply on...

Socialist parties and labor organizations from many countries established a new international association. Engels encouraged the movement but did not control it; debates over colonialism, nationalism,...

Following an 1889 decision by the Second International, workers held demonstrations for the eight-hour day and labor rights. Engels welcomed international working-class organization, whose action...

Engels arranged publication of Marx’s 1875 critique as German socialists debated their Erfurt-era program. Publication made Marx’s interventions available to a new generation, but also gave Engels...

Engels used the English edition to explain the work’s history and the development of socialist movements. Its accessible form helped circulate ideas internationally, while its framing contributed to...

The congress brought socialist and labor organizations together amid debates over strategy and the conditions of workers across countries. Engels participated as a prominent elder, but international...

Engels edited Marx’s extensive manuscripts into a volume on profit, prices, and capitalist competition. The posthumous publication completed the major three-volume sequence, while the work’s...

Engels’s introduction reflected on changing conditions for socialist organization and electoral politics after the revolutions of 1848. Later readers debated whether it implied a turn toward...

Engels died after decades of socialist writing, organizing, correspondence, editing, and financial support for Marx. His own intellectual contributions and the labor of workers, partners, and family...