The Second International is founded in Paris

Engels assembled and edited Marx’s unfinished manuscripts on the circulation of capital. The volume’s organization was an act of scholarship as well as collaboration, and later researchers continue to...

In an article for Die Neue Zeit, Engels reconstructed the League’s origins and the revolutionary era of 1848. His account became influential in later histories, while its retrospective perspective and...

In a preface for an English edition of his earlier Manchester study, Engels revisited industrial change and the political movement of workers. The appendix reflected four decades of transformation and...

Engels revisited the intellectual origins of their materialist approach and clarified his own account of philosophy and history. The essay helped define how later generations understood Marx and...

Samuel Moore’s translation, revised with Engels, introduced the Manifesto to a wider English-reading public. Its circulation depended on translators, publishers, organizers, and workers, not simply on...

Following an 1889 decision by the Second International, workers held demonstrations for the eight-hour day and labor rights. Engels welcomed international working-class organization, whose action...

Engels arranged publication of Marx’s 1875 critique as German socialists debated their Erfurt-era program. Publication made Marx’s interventions available to a new generation, but also gave Engels...

Engels criticized the German Social Democratic Party’s draft program for failing to address the political realities of the German state. His comments document continuing theoretical debate after...

Engels used the English edition to explain the work’s history and the development of socialist movements. Its accessible form helped circulate ideas internationally, while its framing contributed to...

The congress brought socialist and labor organizations together amid debates over strategy and the conditions of workers across countries. Engels participated as a prominent elder, but international...