Marx issues the First Address on the Franco-Prussian War

The Eisenach congress founded an organized socialist party with strong links to Marx and Engels, while reflecting the work of Wilhelm Liebknecht, August Bebel, and German workers. Its program combined...

After retiring from the Manchester firm, Engels moved to London and worked closely with Marx and the International. He continued writing, organizing, and providing financial support, while pursuing...

Marx told Engels that the English working class could not emancipate itself while supporting Ireland’s subordination. This marked a strategic shift from expecting English workers to lead change first,...

The General Council circulated Marx’s analysis of Ireland’s national struggle and the English working class. The intervention placed anti-colonial solidarity within a class strategy, while debate...

Marx argued that English workers’ emancipation required opposing Ireland’s subordination, revising his earlier expectation that English workers would lead change on their own. The analysis connected...

Parisian workers and citizens established a revolutionary municipal government after France’s defeat by Prussia. Marx followed events closely; the Commune became a contested experiment in popular...

Written for the International, the address defended the Commune and examined its institutions, including elected and recallable representatives. Marx’s account made the Commune a major reference point...

Delegates addressed political action, organization, and the effects of the Paris Commune. Marx played a major role in the proceedings, but the conference also exposed tensions between central...

The French translation appeared in parts between 1872 and 1875, with Marx revising sections during publication. The process shows the work’s transnational circulation and Marx’s active attention to...

Delegates debated political action, organization, and the conflict between Marx’s current and anarchist currents associated with Bakunin. The congress relocated the General Council to New York; the...