Regional deputies request transfer of Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia

In his televised address, Gorbachev discussed the accident after nearly three weeks of limited public disclosure. His speech did not erase the consequences of delayed evacuation and uneven access to...

After years of confinement in Gorky, physicist and dissident Andrei Sakharov was allowed to return to Moscow. His release signaled a change in political climate while leaving many political...

Gorbachev called for democratization within the party and greater competition in elections. The proposals widened public debate but kept reform under party leadership and did not yet establish...

The law promised enterprises more autonomy and introduced new accounting and labor rules. It aimed to improve productivity without ending central planning, and its effects varied across industries and...

Gorbachev and Reagan signed a treaty eliminating an entire class of intermediate-range nuclear missiles. European publics had campaigned against deployments; verification and superpower bargaining...

Afghanistan and Pakistan signed agreements on non-interference and refugee return; the USSR and United States signed guarantees. The accords set a timetable for Soviet withdrawal but did not end...

The first phase of withdrawal followed the Geneva Accords. Afghan people continued to face war, displacement, and foreign intervention after Soviet troops began leaving.

The conference debated political reforms, including a new legislature and more competitive elections. These measures weakened the party’s monopoly in public life but left the Union’s national question...

The republic asserted that Estonian laws would take precedence over Soviet laws. The declaration became an early institutional challenge to Moscow’s authority and reflected a popular movement for...

At the UN, Gorbachev announced large troop and tank reductions and a shift away from military intervention in Eastern Europe. The plan altered the external balance while leaving the political...