Andrei Sakharov receives the Nobel Peace Prize

The Khmer Rouge captured the capital after years of civil war and U.S. bombing. Cambodian people faced forced evacuation and a radical regime; Soviet policy and support for other Cambodian factions...

The fall of Saigon ended the Republic of Vietnam and completed the reunification process under the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Soviet material support mattered, but Vietnamese people and movements...

FRELIMO’s liberation struggle culminated in independence after Portugal’s 1974 revolution. The USSR recognized the new state and offered support, while Mozambicans faced the legacies of colonial...

The spacecraft docked in orbit and crews met during a symbolic détente mission. Cooperation was real but limited: both programs retained military links, and the joint spectacle drew on labor and...

The USSR and 34 other states signed commitments on European security, borders, cooperation, and human rights. Moscow emphasized recognition of postwar borders; dissidents later used the human-rights...

Portugal’s withdrawal left competing liberation movements fighting for control. The MPLA proclaimed the People’s Republic of Angola with Soviet and Cuban support, while the FNLA and UNITA contested...

The congress reaffirmed the Brezhnev leadership and the language of developed socialism. Its agenda presented the Union as an equal federation while decision-making remained concentrated in the...

Yury Orlov and fellow activists formed a public group to monitor Soviet compliance with the 1975 Helsinki Final Act. Their use of the state’s own international commitments challenged restrictions on...

Ukrainian activists established a group to document rights violations and monitor Helsinki commitments. The initiative grounded human-rights monitoring in Ukraine’s language, cultural, and political...

The Assembly again affirmed Palestinian rights and called for a just solution. The USSR supported Palestinian self-determination diplomatically, within a wider arena where Palestinian organizations...