Prague Spring begins under Alexander Dubček

The General Assembly adopted the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The USSR took part in the universal rights...

The USSR joined the United States and United Kingdom in signing the treaty barring the placement of weapons of mass destruction in orbit and establishing principles for peaceful use of outer space. It...

Israel launched attacks against Egypt, Syria, and Jordan. The USSR supported Arab governments diplomatically and supplied arms, while regional societies and Palestinians bore the consequences of...

Moscow broke relations with Israel during the war and pressed for a ceasefire and Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories. Soviet policy aligned with Arab states but remained shaped by Cold War...

The anniversary celebrations presented the USSR as a model of anti-imperialist transformation and social development. Official commemoration celebrated the revolution while downplaying the coercion,...

The Soviet Union signed the NPT with the United States and United Kingdom. The treaty aimed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, but it institutionalized unequal categories between nuclear-weapon...

Soviet and allied forces entered Czechoslovakia to end the Prague Spring reforms. Romania did not take part. The intervention affirmed Moscow’s claim to limit the sovereignty of socialist states and...

After detention and transport to Moscow, Czechoslovak leaders signed a protocol that reversed key reform measures and accepted a continued Soviet military presence. The agreement was made under...

A Pravda article by Sergei Kovalev argued that the sovereignty of a socialist country could not override the interests of the wider socialist community. It supplied a public rationale for intervention...

The U.S. mission became the first crewed flight to orbit the Moon. Soviet leaders and scientists continued a competing lunar program; the episode illustrates how technological rivalry was sustained by...