Khrushchev removed from party leadership

A U-2 flight photographed Soviet missile installations under construction in Cuba. The deployment followed the Bay of Pigs invasion and Cuban fears of another attack; the crisis involved Cuban...

The U.S. president announced a naval quarantine in response to Soviet missiles in Cuba. The confrontation brought the world close to nuclear war and placed Cuban sovereignty and civilian safety at the...

The Soviet government announced it would dismantle and withdraw missiles from Cuba under a U.S. pledge not to invade the island. Cuba was not included as an equal party in the public settlement and...

Tereshkova orbited Earth aboard Vostok 6, making a major contribution to spaceflight and the public image of Soviet gender equality. Women remained underrepresented in technical leadership, and the...

The Soviet Union, United States, and United Kingdom signed a treaty banning nuclear tests in the atmosphere, outer space, and underwater. The agreement reduced some forms of radioactive fallout but...

The Central Committee selected Brezhnev as First Secretary after Khrushchev’s removal. A collective leadership was announced, but the transition began a more cautious political period and limited...

Leonov left Voskhod 2 for a spacewalk lasting about twelve minutes. The achievement depended on a Union-wide technical and labor system, with Baikonur located in the Kazakh SSR; public celebration...

The September plenum approved reforms that gave enterprises greater discretion over some production decisions and used profit and sales indicators. The changes sought to address planning bottlenecks...

After the 1965 India-Pakistan war, leaders Lal Bahadur Shastri and Ayub Khan signed a Soviet-mediated declaration committing to withdraw forces and restore relations. The agreement shows a...

The congress consolidated the leadership that followed Khrushchev and adopted a new five-year plan. It signaled a more cautious political period while retaining a language of equality among the...