Soviet-British agreement on joint action against Germany signed

The USSR formally incorporated Latvia following occupation and a staged political process. The change brought Soviet nationalization, political arrests, and institutional restructuring, while...

The USSR formally incorporated Estonia after occupation and controlled elections. The annexation ended Estonian independence and initiated Soviet restructuring, repression, and nationalization.

Germany launched Operation Barbarossa, opening a war of annihilation across Soviet territory. Occupation, mass shootings, starvation, forced labor, and the Holocaust devastated civilians; Soviet...

Vyacheslav Molotov’s broadcast informed Soviet listeners of the invasion and called for resistance. The statement framed the war as defense of the homeland and set out the state’s public response to a...

The emergency committee concentrated wartime authority in a small body led by Stalin. It coordinated military, industrial, and civilian mobilization, placing the Union’s republics and populations...

The decree accused the Volga German population collectively of potential collaboration and ordered removal to eastern regions. It dissolved the Volga German autonomous republic and uprooted families...

The siege isolated the city from land routes and produced catastrophic hunger, bombardment, and civilian deaths. Residents, including women and children, sustained defense and transport under...

German SS and police units and auxiliaries murdered tens of thousands of Jews over two days at Babyn Yar. Further victims included Roma, Soviet prisoners of war, and others. Later Soviet memorial...

The United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union agreed on a schedule of military and civilian supplies. Lend-Lease aid contributed to Soviet logistics and production, while Soviet labor and...

Soviet forces launched a counteroffensive that pushed German troops away from Moscow. The victory halted Germany’s immediate advance on the capital but came after enormous military and civilian losses...