Fourteenth Party Congress ends with the defeat of the New Opposition

The Fourteenth Party Conference debated the pace of industrial development and the prospects for building socialism within the USSR. Stalin and his allies argued that socialism could be built in one...

The Uzbek and Turkmen republics were formally admitted to the USSR as union republics. Their new status gave them constitutional institutions and a nominal right to secede, while union ministries...

Japanese troops completed their withdrawal from northern Sakhalin under the 1925 Soviet-Japanese settlement, restoring Soviet control over the territory. Japan retained economic concessions in oil and...

The Soviet Union and Turkey signed a treaty of neutrality and non-aggression, extending diplomatic ties between two states formed from former Russian and Ottoman imperial spaces. The pact served...

The Fourteenth Party Congress opened amid conflict over the pace of industrialization and the party’s relationship with the peasantry. Delegates backed a program of industrial development while...

Germany and the USSR signed the Treaty of Berlin, pledging neutrality if either was attacked by a third power and reaffirming the Rapallo relationship. Both states sought room to maneuver after...

The Soviet and Afghan governments signed a treaty of neutrality and non-aggression, formalizing relations between neighbors whose frontier and security were shaped by Russian and British imperial...

The conference opened as disputes over economic policy and the party opposition intensified. Its resolutions condemned Trotsky’s platform and backed the leadership’s position on industrialization...

The All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a family code that recognized civil marriage, de facto unions and equal legal status for children regardless of parents’ marital status. It...

The census counted the population of the Soviet Union and recorded data including nationality, language, age and literacy. It created an important statistical basis for planning and social policy,...