State Council approves Wenzhou financial reform pilot

The law consolidated basic pension, medical, unemployment, work-injury and maternity insurance rules. It formalized a broader social-protection framework, but portability, funding and access...

The plan proposed faster household consumption, improved social services, innovation and lower dependence on exports and investment. It acknowledged structural imbalances but left the mechanisms and...

The 2011-2015 plan formalized goals for income growth, services, urbanization and environmental limits. It continued planning as a central instrument while calling for a more consumption-oriented...

The national framework became operative, setting rules for enrollment and benefits across several insurance branches. It represented a major institutional expansion, though migrant workers and...

The lower target signaled greater acceptance that growth should be moderated and rebalanced. It reflected concerns about inflation, investment dependence and global uncertainty, while the...

The congress reviewed a decade of growth and called for a more balanced development path. It marked the end of the Hu-Wen era and opened a new phase of debate over inequality, consumption and...

The leadership transition closed the period covered here. China had entered global trade deeply and expanded state capacity, but faced unresolved challenges in household demand, labor rights, social...

The zone tested investment, trade, finance and administrative changes through a geographically bounded pilot. It extended China’s strategy of selective opening: market access was expanded in a...

The Third Plenum’s decision called for the market to play a “decisive” role in resource allocation while affirming the state’s larger role. This mixed formula framed the decade: market mechanisms...

A reform of registered-capital rules lowered some entry barriers for new firms by moving away from a universal paid-in-capital requirement. Easier registration could widen entrepreneurial access,...