NPC approves the Tenth Five-Year Plan

The pilot sought to simplify rural levies and reduce arbitrary fees. It recognized that fiscal pressure could be transferred to farming households and that local revenue rules shaped the cost of...

The fund created a reserve for social security as enterprise welfare weakened and pension systems changed. National pooling remained limited, leaving local fiscal capacity and employment history...

The law removed annual renewal of normal trade status and prepared implementation of WTO tariff commitments. It reflected market-access negotiations and U.S. debate over jobs, rights and strategic...

The proposal prioritized structural adjustment, technology, opening and western investment. Planning remained a way to coordinate markets and national goals, tying competitiveness to state-led...

The plan set targets for growth, restructuring, urbanization and social development for 2001-2005. It framed WTO-era opening as state-directed modernization, while local impacts and distribution...

China completed multilateral accession negotiations over tariffs, services, subsidies, transparency and state trading. It gained a route into trade rules while accepting disciplines shaped by existing...

The summit showcased China as a regional convenor shortly before accession. It tied reform to East Asian production networks, which created opportunities amid uneven financial and development power.

Members adopted the accession decision in Doha after negotiations. The package included tariff, services and transparency obligations, alongside specified exceptions and transition periods.

Accession formalized China’s participation after 15 years of negotiations. It widened market access and manufacturing integration while increasing pressure on domestic producers and labor; it did...

Tariff schedules and regulatory commitments began reshaping trade and enterprise strategy. The state remained planner, regulator, lender, negotiator and owner: accession increased global reach...