Contract Law enters into force

The government expanded public investment and issued treasury bonds as regional demand weakened. Fiscal stimulus supported growth and jobs, favoring large projects while welfare and household...

The rules offered partial support as layoffs and enterprise closures grew. Access depended on formal employment records and local capacity, accompanying restructuring rather than preventing risk...

The amendment strengthened legal status for private and individual economies within the socialist market system. The state continued to guide and supervise private activity, embedding it within...

The law established a common framework for economic contracts and took effect in October. It supported a national market, although firms with capital and legal expertise were better placed to use it...

The Fourth Plenum called for modern corporate governance and stronger enterprise groups. Public ownership remained strategic, while managerial autonomy and restructuring expanded, sharpening...

The agreement resolved a major bilateral stage and included commitments on tariffs, agriculture, services and market access. China negotiated entry terms reflecting development priorities, while...

The transfer ended Portuguese colonial administration and created a Special Administrative Region with distinct economic institutions. It linked reunification to differentiated legal and economic...

The government directed infrastructure and investment toward western provinces after decades of coastal-first growth. The initiative sought regional integration but could also displace communities and...

The pilot sought to simplify rural levies and reduce arbitrary fees. It recognized that fiscal pressure could be transferred to farming households and that local revenue rules shaped the cost of...

The fund created a reserve for social security as enterprise welfare weakened and pension systems changed. National pooling remained limited, leaving local fiscal capacity and employment history...