By 1981 household responsibility arrangements spread from village experiments in Anhui and Sichuan. Families received use rights and production obligations, met state quotas, then retained or sold permitted surplus. The shift improved incentives and food availability, but land remained collectively owned and rural households absorbed more production risk.
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Eventonan Relashoná
What characterized the household responsibility system?
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Splikashon
Households gained production responsibility and retained permitted surplus, while rural land remained collectively owned.
Household responsibility contracts made rural land universally private property.
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😢
Splikashon
Households gained contracted use and production responsibility; land remained collectively owned.