The Third Plenum of the Eleventh Central Committee moved the Party’s focus from class struggle to socialist modernization and endorsed reform and opening as the new strategic direction. It marked a turning point, not a completed market transition: reforms would unfold gradually through rural experimentation, dual-track pricing, foreign investment and enterprise restructuring. A decolonial account tracks both China’s pursuit of autonomy in a world economy shaped by unequal power and the domestic distribution of reform’s gains and costs.
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What did the December 1978 Third Plenum mark?
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The Plenum changed strategic priorities; implementation followed over decades.
The 1978 Third Plenum completed China’s transition to a market economy.
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It set a new strategic direction; reforms were gradual and unfolded later.