The People’s Republic of China is proclaimed

The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference adopted the Common Program, a provisional constitutional framework. It protected workers, peasants, cooperatives and private property while...

The Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance established a strategic partnership that included credits, technical assistance and industrial cooperation. Soviet support helped China acquire...

The decision to unify national financial and economic work brought budgets, supplies, trade and monetary management under stronger central coordination. It helped contain inflation and restore the...

The law abolished landlord landownership and redistributed land to rural households. It broke a deeply unequal agrarian structure and gave many peasants a direct material stake in the new order, while...

The campaign against corruption, waste and bureaucratism began in party and government organizations in December 1951. Since sources identify the month rather than one nationwide launch day, 31...

A central directive opened a campaign against bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, cheating on government contracts and leaking economic information. It framed private capital as both a...