Hundred Flowers policy publicly advanced

Premier Zhou Enlai and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru articulated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence in a joint statement. Their language of sovereignty, non-interference, equality,...

The First National People’s Congress adopted the PRC’s first constitution, defining state institutions and socialist goals. The document formalized a new constitutional order after civil war and...

The PRC took the Yijiangshan Islands from the Republic of China during the First Taiwan Strait Crisis. The conflict brought the unresolved civil war into the Cold War security order and demonstrated...

Delegates from 29 Asian and African countries met in Indonesia, where China participated alongside newly independent and anti-colonial states. Bandung made decolonization, racial equality,...

Nikita Khrushchev’s secret speech to the Soviet Communist Party Congress denounced Stalin’s cult of personality. The speech contributed to ideological tensions with Beijing and the eventual...

The first Party congress after the founding of the PRC opened in Beijing. Its program called for socialist construction and a more regularized party-state, showing how post-revolutionary sovereignty...

A People’s Daily editorial recast public criticism as an attack on Party leadership, marking the shift from the Hundred Flowers campaign to the Anti-Rightist campaign. The campaign punished hundreds...

The Great Leap Forward was formally launched as a rapid campaign to industrialize and collectivize rural production. It aimed to challenge the developmental hierarchy in which poorer countries were...

The PRC began shelling the Kinmen islands, escalating a confrontation with the Republic of China and the United States. The crisis reinforced the militarized division across the Strait and underscored...

The CCP Central Committee adopted a resolution promoting people’s communes in rural areas. It joined agricultural production and local administration in large collectivities, transforming village life...