China announces development of Shanghai’s Pudong area

China and Portugal signed a declaration setting the terms for Portugal’s administration of Macau until the 1999 transfer of sovereignty. The agreement drew on negotiations between two states but...

President Chiang Ching-kuo lifted martial law in Taiwan after 38 years. The decision followed sustained opposition organizing and opened a transition toward competitive politics; this history...

The National People’s Congress approved Hainan’s elevation to provincial status and designated it a special economic zone. The measure extended the experimentation with market opening and sought to...

Chinese troops used force to end the occupation of Tiananmen Square and surrounding protests, causing deaths and injuries. The crackdown isolated China diplomatically for a period and revealed the...

Nine students began a sit-in at Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, demanding political reform and an end to the entrenched “ten-thousand-year” legislature. The six-day protest helped press Taiwan’s...

The Shanghai Stock Exchange was established as China rebuilt domestic securities markets. It became a key institution in the gradual expansion of market mechanisms under party-state supervision. Its...

China joined APEC at the Seoul ministerial meeting, alongside Hong Kong and Chinese Taipei under agreed names. Participation connected the PRC to a major regional economic forum and supported its...

Deng began a tour of southern China, publicly urging faster reform and opening after political and economic retrenchment. The tour helped restore momentum to market reforms and investment,...

China deposited its instrument of accession to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Accession integrated the country more deeply into global nuclear governance after it had developed its own...

The two governments signed a joint communique establishing diplomatic ties, opening a period of expanding trade and people-to-people contact. The rapprochement showed China’s ability to normalize...