Shenzhen Special Economic Zone established

Deng Xiaoping arrived in the United States on the first official visit by a PRC leader since 1949. The trip helped make normalization tangible through public diplomacy, science and trade agreements,...

Chinese forces crossed into northern Vietnam in a brief but destructive war. The conflict followed Vietnam’s invasion of Cambodia and reflected rivalry, border tensions, and the Sino-Soviet split....

The National People’s Congress adopted the first law authorizing equity joint ventures with foreign investors. It provided a legal framework for technology, capital and market access as reform...

The IMF recognized the People’s Republic of China as China’s representative, restoring its formal role in the international monetary system. The step followed the PRC’s return to the UN and helped...

The World Bank restored the PRC’s representation, enabling the country to participate in development finance and technical cooperation. China’s relationship with the institution evolved from...

The Sixth Plenum adopted a resolution that reassessed the Party’s history since 1949 and condemned the Cultural Revolution while affirming Mao’s central historical role. It established an...

Deng Xiaoping told British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher that China intended to recover Hong Kong in 1997 and outlined a special administrative arrangement. The meeting began high-stakes...

The National People’s Congress adopted the current PRC Constitution, establishing the formal framework for reform-era institutions and state modernization. The document affirmed Party leadership and...

The CCP Central Committee adopted a decision to reform China’s economic structure, expanding the reform agenda beyond agriculture and rural policy. It gave market mechanisms a larger role while...

China and the United Kingdom set terms for Hong Kong’s 1997 transfer under the “one country, two systems” framework. The agreement addressed a colonial-era settlement, while subsequent disputes over...