Ninth Pan-African Congress opens in Lomé

The AU launched its passport at the Kigali summit as a symbol and instrument of continental free movement. Initial issuance was limited to heads of state and diplomats; the announcement expressed...

The AU Assembly adopted a protocol on free movement, residence and establishment, tying mobility to integration and pan-African citizenship. Adoption was a legal commitment, not implementation; the...

Forty-four African states sign the agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area in Kigali. The initiative seeks to deepen intra-African trade and integration; its decolonial...

The AfCFTA agreement enters into force after the required ratifications. It creates a continent-wide trade framework, but implementation, infrastructure gaps and unequal bargaining power between...

Trading under the AfCFTA begins, an institutional milestone for continental economic integration. The start of trading did not immediately remove tariffs or logistical barriers; the event is best...

A high-level panel on the margins of the summit addressed a common African position on restitution of heritage resources. It places return of cultural objects within debates about sovereignty and...

The opening emphasized water security, continental agency and reform of global governance. Official accounts record leaders’ stated priorities; these should be read alongside the gap between summit...

Assembly Decision 942 extended the 2025 theme into a 2026–2035 Decade of Justice for Africans and People of African Descent through Reparations. This carries a movement demand into a longer...

The Assembly decision describes a renewed Pan-Africanism grounded in endogenous African values and Ubuntu, emphasizing interdependence and solidarity. This is a political framing adopted by...

Decision 942 calls for lasting transnational ties based on solidarity, shared memory and a common future. It extends a long Pan-African debate about who belongs to the political community and how...