Seychelles becomes independent

Cabo Verde became independent from Portugal. The achievement reflected anticolonial organizing linked to Guinea-Bissau and demonstrated the transnational character of liberation movements across...

The Comorian parliament declared independence from France. The subsequent dispute over Mayotte and French control illustrates how decolonization could leave sovereignty contested across islands and...

São Tomé and Príncipe became independent from Portugal after the collapse of Portuguese dictatorship and negotiations with the liberation movement. The date marked sovereignty, while the plantation...

Angola achieved independence as Portuguese rule ended, but rival liberation movements and external military interventions immediately shaped the new state’s trajectory. This was a liberation from...

Black students in Soweto protested the imposition of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction and the wider system of Bantu Education. Police violence transformed the protest into a national uprising...

The Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture opens in Lagos, bringing artists and intellectuals from Africa and the diaspora together. It presented cultural production as part of...

At its sixteenth ordinary session in Monrovia, OAU leaders adopted a declaration calling for national and collective self-reliance and a new international economic order. Its language challenged...

Nine majority-ruled southern African states formed SADCC to reduce economic dependence on apartheid South Africa and coordinate regional development. The project connected liberation solidarity with...

Zimbabwe became independent after a protracted liberation war and the Lancaster House settlement. Independence was a historic victory, while land redistribution and the colonial ownership structure...

African governments adopt a plan emphasizing self-reliant development, regional cooperation and reduced dependence on external economic control. The plan challenged externally imposed development...