All-African Peoples’ Conference opens in Accra

Kwame Nkrumah and supporters found the CPP after breaking with more cautious nationalist leaders. It built a mass base among workers and young people and made immediate self-government a popular...

At its annual conference the ANC adopts a program calling for boycotts, strikes and civil disobedience. Influenced by the Youth League, the program helped move the organization toward mass...

Twenty-nine Asian and African governments meet in Bandung to oppose colonialism and racism and to expand cooperation among recently independent and still-colonized peoples. Bandung was not a...

The Gold Coast becomes independent Ghana under a government led by Kwame Nkrumah. Independence gave Pan-African organizing a sovereign base, and Ghana supported liberation movements and hosted...

Independent African governments meet in Accra to coordinate anticolonial positions and support territories still under colonial rule. The gathering helped establish a diplomatic dimension to...

The PAC forms after a split from the ANC, advocating Africanist leadership and opposing pass laws and white minority rule. The split reflected real debates about multiracial alliances, nationalism and...

Police kill 69 people during protests against pass laws organized by the PAC. The killings revealed the violence underpinning apartheid’s movement controls and led the government to ban the PAC and...

Ghana and Guinea announce a union intended as a first step toward broader African political unity. It remained largely symbolic and faced practical obstacles, illustrating both the ambition of...

Nigeria becomes independent from Britain. Its size, population and regional diversity made the new state an important actor in continental diplomacy and liberation support, while internal colonial...

The UN General Assembly admits seventeen African states in a single session, sharply increasing African representation. Their entry changed debates on colonialism and racial rule and helped African...