Lancaster House Agreement sets a path to Zimbabwean independence

Foreign ministers met to coordinate positions ahead of the 1979 summit, including on Palestine and liberation struggles. The meeting showed how NAM used regular diplomatic machinery to amplify...

The Coordinating Bureau’s final communiqué called for Palestinian rights and opposition to occupation and colonialism. Such statements strengthened international advocacy, though they did not...

The summit convened amid debate over Cuba’s close relationship with the Soviet Union and the meaning of non-alignment. It showed the movement’s breadth and its internal disagreements about whether...

The final declaration addressed colonialism, apartheid, Palestine, disarmament and economic reform. Disagreement over Cuba’s role exposed limits to unity, but the summit preserved a platform for...

The seizure followed the Iranian Revolution and the admission of the deposed Shah to the United States for medical care. The crisis became a major confrontation over sovereignty, revolution and...

The Soviet intervention intensified a conflict already shaped by Afghan political upheaval and Cold War competition. At the UN, many states defended Afghanistan’s sovereignty and debated the...

A group of UN members asked the Council to consider the crisis in Afghanistan. The request shows how states outside the superpowers used multilateral procedures to contest interventions and invoke...

At its sixth emergency special session, the Assembly adopted resolution ES-6/2 calling for the withdrawal of foreign troops and respect for Afghanistan’s sovereignty and non-alignment. The vote...

The new state emerged after decades of settler colonialism, land dispossession and armed struggle. Independence enlarged African political sovereignty, while the settler land system and unequal...

Tito’s death removed a central founder of the Non-Aligned Movement and the leader who had hosted its first summit in Belgrade. His legacy embodied an independent socialist path, though postcolonial...