Asian-African Summit marks Bandung’s fiftieth anniversary

Leaders met as the United States prepared for war in Iraq and debated how to keep non-alignment relevant after the Cold War. They called for multilateralism, sovereign equality, development and a more...

The declaration connected non-interference and self-determination to reform of global governance and a fairer economic order. It framed non-alignment as collective agency rather than withdrawal from...

The invasion proceeded without a new Security Council authorization explicitly permitting the use of force. NAM members opposed the war and invoked the UN Charter, while the crisis revealed how little...

The fall of Baghdad marked the rapid collapse of the Iraqi government, followed by occupation and prolonged conflict. NAM’s opposition to the invasion highlighted a persistent gap between sovereign...

Resolution 59/11 was adopted by 179 votes to 4. NAM members repeatedly backed the annual resolution, treating the embargo as unilateral coercion that constrained Cuba’s economic and political...

The General Assembly endorsed a broad reform agenda that included development, human rights and collective security. For NAM, the outcome reflected long-running calls to strengthen multilateral...

Cuba hosted leaders amid debates about unilateral force, occupation and unequal development. The summit reaffirmed NAM’s core principles and tried to define a practical role for the movement in a...

The summit declaration restated sovereign equality, non-intervention and self-determination while addressing Palestine, disarmament and economic development. Its broad consensus also masked...

The declaration affirmed indigenous peoples’ rights to self-determination, culture, land and resources. Its adoption followed decades of organizing by Indigenous peoples and support from many...

The conference addressed the financial crisis, development finance, debt and the stalled reform of international financial institutions. These issues echoed NAM’s demand that developing countries have...