Luanda conference adopts political and economic declarations

Leaders met amid the Iran-Iraq War, occupation in Palestine and Namibia, apartheid and worsening debt and development pressures. The summit called for disarmament, a more equitable economic order...

Ministers sought regional cooperation and security while reaffirming non-intervention, sovereignty, self-determination and peaceful coexistence. The meeting shows the movement adapting its...

The final declaration opposed bloc politics and called for decolonization and peaceful settlement of disputes. It also treated regional security as a shared concern rather than a matter reserved to...

Gorbachev’s leadership initiated reforms and a changing relationship with the United States. As superpower tensions eased, NAM faced a strategic question: how to preserve its purpose when bloc...

The conference focused on international peace, economic cooperation and support for liberation in southern Africa. Hosting the meeting in Angola made the region’s struggles against apartheid and...

Governments and anti-apartheid advocates debated sanctions and international pressure. NAM states supported stronger measures, while Western governments remained divided over the costs and...

The conference’s proposals fed into UN debate on ending apartheid and Namibia’s illegal occupation. The issue illustrated how NAM diplomacy worked alongside liberation movements and international...

The summit placed apartheid and Namibia at the center of the international agenda. Representatives of liberation movements, including Oliver Tambo, pressed governments to move beyond condemnation...

The summit called for intensified action against apartheid, support for liberation movements and assistance to frontline states. This was a major effort to turn NAM’s anti-racist commitments into a...

A/RES/42/23 called for ending repression, releasing political prisoners including Nelson Mandela, lifting bans on liberation organizations and supporting states resisting South African aggression....